Abstract
- Background
The complex relationship between trace elements and skeletal health has received increasing attention in the scientific community. Among these minerals, manganese ($\text{Mn}$) has emerged as a key element affecting bone metabolism and integrity. This review examines the multifaceted role of $\text{Mn}$ in bone health, including its effects on bone regeneration, mineralization, and overall skeletal strength.
- Methods
This review article synthesizes findings from experimental models, epidemiological studies, and clinical trials to elucidate the biological mechanisms of $\text{Mn}$ in bone metabolism. Studies examining cellular signaling pathways, osteoblast and osteoclast dynamics, mitochondrial antioxidant pathways, and bone remodeling regulation were systematically analyzed.
- Results
Current research demonstrates that $\text{Mn}$ actively participates in bone remodeling by modulating the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the key cell types governing bone formation and resorption. $\text{Mn}$ ions profoundly influence bone mineralization and mineral density by intricately regulating intracellular signaling pathways and enzymatic reactions. Specifically, $\text{Mn}$ stimulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation while inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and preserving bone mass through modulation of the $\text{RANK/RANKL/OPG}$ pathway. Additionally, manganese superoxide dismutase ($\text{MnSOD}$), localized within bone cell mitochondria, plays a crucial role in osteoclast differentiation and cellular survival by mitigating oxidative damage.
- Conclusions
Manganese plays a fundamental role in maintaining skeletal integrity and bone mineral density. Understanding the nuances of $\text{Mn}$'s interaction with bone cells is essential for optimizing nutritional strategies and developing targeted interventions to prevent and manage skeletal diseases such as osteopenia and osteoporosis.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11355939/